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- 2018-04-23
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这是英汉语言对比ppt，包括了What Is Language Transfer，Two Types of Transfer，Negative Transfer，Examples of Negative Transfer等内容，欢迎点击下载。
英汉语言对比ppt是由红软PPT免费下载网推荐的一款课件PPT类型的PowerPoint.
What Is Language Transfer?
Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27)
迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的影响。
Two Types of Transfer
Negative Transfer (负迁移)
Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。
Positive Transfer （正迁移）
Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Causes:
analogical use of one’s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用
scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少
unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Examples of Negative Transfer
1. The writer likes writing at light (night).
Phonological transfer (语音迁移)
The sound /n/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ serves as a substitute. 在有些中国方言（如南京方言）中没有/n/这个辅音，而用/l/来替代。
Examples of Negative Transfer
2. He only eat two meal a day.
Morphological transfer （词形迁移）
Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. 在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。
Examples of Negative Transfer
3. Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population.
Collocation transfer (搭配迁移)
The noun renkou， the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’， can have a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。
Examples of Negative Transfer
4. He suggested me to accept this offer .
Syntactical transfer (句型迁移)
The verb jianyi， the Chinese equivalent of ‘suggest’， can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用“动词+宾语+补语”的结构。
Examples of Negative Transfer
5. -- Your English is wonderful.
-- No， no. My English is still poor.
Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移)
The negative reply to a compliment is considered in Chinese as modest and courteous. 对赞扬的否定回答在汉语中被视为谦虚有礼貌。
Two Types of Transfer
Negative Transfer
(负迁移)
Errors arise from analogy.
类推会产生错误。
Positive Transfer
（正迁移）
Errors decrease by analysis.
分析能减少错误。
Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的形态变化
老师们、同学们
我的爸爸、你的妈妈
认真的态度、 认真地学习
Retaining some inflections保留一些形态变化
v.（动词）: tense， aspect， voice， mood
n.（名词）: number， case， gender
pron.（代词）: person， gender， case， number
adj.（形容词）: degree
ad.（副词） : degree
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Meaning-focused with emphasis on
implicit coherence
(隐性连贯)
Paratactic
语义型语言
(以意统形)
English
Form-focused with emphasis on
explicit cohesion
（显性联接）
Hypotactic
形态型语言
(以形驭意)
Chinese: left-extending， heavy-headed like a lion
树 一棵树 一棵大树 一棵枝繁叶茂的大树
校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树
海事大学校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树
临港新城海事大学校园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树
……
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
This is the cat.
This is the cat that killed the rat.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack.
…
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Chinese: left-extending， heavy-headed like a lion
狮子型语言
English
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
孔雀型语言
英语（视点固定) -- 汉语(视点游移）
我要揍你。
你敢！
敢又怎么样？
那你就试试吧！
试试？哼，你等着瞧！
等着瞧？我才不怕呢！
不怕，好，那你休想逃走。
谁逃了？来呀，你揍啊！
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
moving point of sight
（视点流动）
English
fixed point of sight
（视点固定）
Chinese: bamboo-like sentence structure （竹式结构）
从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户人家，这十户人家全靠打鱼、种地 为生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。
开始家人是不让父亲抽烟的，得了绝症后，想开了，抽吧，拣好的买，想抽就抽。
English: tree-like sentence structure （树式结构）
As a nation of gifted people who comprise about one-fourth of the total population of the earth， China plays in world affairs a role that can only grow more important in the years ahead. -- Jimmy Carter
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
bamboo-like sentence structure （竹式结构） with different sections linked and yet separated
English
tree-like sentence structure （树式结构）with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk line
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹）
（语序相对固定）
English
Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building （积木）
（语序相对灵活）
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Meaning-focused with emphasis on
implicit coherence
(隐性连贯)
Paratactic
语义型语言
(以意统形)
English
Form-focused with emphasis on
explicit cohesion
（显性联接）
Hypotactic
形态型语言
(以形驭意)
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Chinese: left-extending， heavy-headed like a lion
狮子型语言
English
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
孔雀型语言
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
moving point of sight
（视点流动）
English
fixed point of sight
（视点固定）
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
bamboo-like sentence structure （竹式结构） with different sections linked and yet separated
English
tree-like sentence structure （树式结构）with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk line
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹）
（语序相对固定）
English
Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building （积木）
（语序相对灵活）
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Astonishment and even horror oppressed him.
Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.
The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood.
他感到惊讶甚至恐惧。
我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。
我一看到那棵大树就想起了童年的情景。
Contrast Between English and Chinese
They are paid for this.
The difficulties have been overcome， and the problem solved.
Table tennis is played all over China.
Why should all these unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?
他们拿钱就是干这事的。
困难克服了，问题也解决了。
打乒乓球风靡中国。
为什么总要把这些麻烦事推给我？
Contrast Between English and Chinese
She is the best hater I’ve ever known.
There is a crying need for a new remedy.
It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.
我所认识的人中数她最会记仇。
现在急需想出新法子来补救。
要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。
Contrast Between English and Chinese
2. The image of the rolling water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.
顷刻之间，滚滚的浊水连人带车一古脑儿都给冲走了。这情景，直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
Contrast Between English and Chinese
He was impressed by Deng Xiaoping’s flexibility.
Their eccentricity often makes you frown.
We stepped onto the mysterious land with caution and uneasiness.
他对邓小平的灵活态度印象深刻。
他们的古怪行为常常令人皱眉。
我们怀着谨慎和不安的心情踏上了那片神秘的国土 。
Contrast Between English and Chinese
If you don’t compare， you’re in the dark， but the moment you do， you get a shock.
2. As Tom has failed to come due to his sudden illness， we have to ask you to take his place.
不比不知道，一比吓一跳。
（比较：如果不比，你就不知道，一旦比了，你会吓一跳。）
汤姆突然病了，没能来，我们只好请你顶他。
（比较：因为汤姆突然病了，所以他没能来，因而我们只好请你顶他。）
Contrast Between English and Chinese
He is a smart， eloquent， upright and well-informed lawyer.
2. She was an intelligent， attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor.
他是一位律师，脑子灵，口才好，为人正直，见多识广。
他是一位律师，聪明、善辩、正直，而且有见识。
她聪明、漂亮、爱耍点小脾气，是一个家道小康的医生的女儿。
Contrast Between English and Chinese
The onlooker sees most of the game.
旁观者看比赛更清楚。（当局者迷，旁观者清。）
2. In calamity， one sees the true friendship.
在患难中，人们才能看到真正的友情。
（疾风知劲草，患难见真情。）
3. He is about 40， in the very prime of life.
他四十左右，正年富力强。
He is about 20， young and vigorous.
他二十左右，年轻力壮。英汉语言的对比ppt：这是英汉语言的对比ppt，包括了What is grammar，Morphological contrastive study，Case in English and Chinese，Gender in English and Chinese，Mood in English and Chinese等内容，欢迎点击下载。
中西餐桌礼仪对比英文ppt：这是中西餐桌礼仪对比英文ppt，包括了How much do you know about table manners?Manners in the West，Helping Yourself and Refusing，Noise and Smoking，Drinking等内容，欢迎点击下载。
两个企业对比ppt：这是两个企业对比ppt，包括了企业背景：民企VS国企，战略定位及市场表现，组织架构、管控模式及决策机制，土地获取，产品，标杆企业研究借鉴建议等内容，欢迎点击下载。
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